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- Economy
-
- Overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society,
- Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output,
- market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production.
- Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing,
- mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from
- a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and
- urban. In the 1980s Canada registered one of the highest
- rates of growth among the OECD nations, averaging about
- 4%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force,
- and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic
- prospects. In mid-1990, however, the long-simmering problems
- between English- and French-speaking areas became so acute
- that observers spoke openly of a possible split in the
- confederation; foreign investors were becoming edgy.
-
- GDP: $513.6 billion, per capita $19,600; real growth rate 2.9%
- (1989 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.0% (1989).
-
- Unemployment rate: 7.5% (1989).
-
- Budget: revenues $79.2 billion; expenditures $102.0 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (FY88 est.).
-
- Exports: $127.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--newsprint,
- wood pulp, timber, grain, crude petroleum, natural gas,
- ferrous and nonferrous ores, motor vehicles; partners--US,
- Japan, UK, FRG, other EC, USSR.
-
- Imports: $116.5 billion (c.i.f., 1989); commodities--processed
- foods, beverages, crude petroleum, chemicals, industrial
- machinery, motor vehicles, durable consumer goods, electronic
- computers; partners--US, Japan, UK, FRG, other EC, Taiwan,
- South Korea, Mexico.
-
- External debt: $247 billion (1987).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1989).
-
- Electricity: 103,746,000 kW capacity; 472,580 million kWh
- produced, 17,960 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products,
- wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals,
- fish products, petroleum and natural gas.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP; one of the world's
- major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley);
- key source of US agricultural imports; large forest resources
- cover 35% of total land area; commercial fisheries provide
- annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is
- exported.
-
- Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic
- drug market.
-
- Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $2.2 billion.
-
- Currency: Canadian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Canadian
- dollar (Can$) = 100 cents.
-
- Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1--1.1714
- (January 1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987),
- 1.3895 (1986), 1.3655 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March.
-