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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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canada.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: As an affluent, high-tech industrial society,
Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output,
market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production.
Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing,
mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from
a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and
urban. In the 1980s Canada registered one of the highest
rates of growth among the OECD nations, averaging about
4%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force,
and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic
prospects. In mid-1990, however, the long-simmering problems
between English- and French-speaking areas became so acute
that observers spoke openly of a possible split in the
confederation; foreign investors were becoming edgy.
GDP: $513.6 billion, per capita $19,600; real growth rate 2.9%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.0% (1989).
Unemployment rate: 7.5% (1989).
Budget: revenues $79.2 billion; expenditures $102.0 billion,
including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (FY88 est.).
Exports: $127.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989); commodities--newsprint,
wood pulp, timber, grain, crude petroleum, natural gas,
ferrous and nonferrous ores, motor vehicles; partners--US,
Japan, UK, FRG, other EC, USSR.
Imports: $116.5 billion (c.i.f., 1989); commodities--processed
foods, beverages, crude petroleum, chemicals, industrial
machinery, motor vehicles, durable consumer goods, electronic
computers; partners--US, Japan, UK, FRG, other EC, Taiwan,
South Korea, Mexico.
External debt: $247 billion (1987).
Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1989).
Electricity: 103,746,000 kW capacity; 472,580 million kWh
produced, 17,960 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: processed and unprocessed minerals, food products,
wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals,
fish products, petroleum and natural gas.
Agriculture: accounts for 3% of GDP; one of the world's
major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley);
key source of US agricultural imports; large forest resources
cover 35% of total land area; commercial fisheries provide
annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is
exported.
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic
drug market.
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-87), $2.2 billion.
Currency: Canadian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Canadian
dollar (Can$) = 100 cents.
Exchange rates: Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1--1.1714
(January 1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987),
1.3895 (1986), 1.3655 (1985).
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March.